Chapter 7

The Upper South: Virginia & North Carolina

  • The South has contributed much to the greatness of the United States.
    • Thomas Jefferson
    • George Washington
  • States’ rights—the right of independent states to run their own affairs
  • Southerners are known for their conservativeness, holding on to traditional values and opposing rapid change.
  • The Atlantic Coastal Plain is characterized by tobacco and the Tidewater.
  • Virginia supplied the South with its greatest general, Robert E. Lee.
  • The coastal plain is called the Tidewater.
  • More Civil War battles were fought in Virginia than in any other state.
  • Between the Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains is the fertile Shenandoah Valley.
  • The southern word gap corresponds to the word notch used in the Northeast.
  • The narrow barrier islands of North Carolina, called the Outer Banks, are popular beaches today.
  • The Appalachian ranges of North Carolina include the highest mountains in the eastern United States.

The Upper South: W. Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee

  • All three states share two geographical features: the Appalachian Mountains and Appalachian Plateau, which includes the Allegheny Plateau and the Cumberland Plateau.
  • West Virginia has the lowest population in the South.
  • West Virginia is most known for its coal mines, which produce low-grade bituminous (soft) coal.
  • The karst region is where water seeping through soft limestone has produce sinkholes, underground streams, and caverns.
  • Spelunker—cave explorer
  • The Bluegrass region, in north Kentucky, has the best soil and shipping routes in the state.
  • Rich grasslands have enabled Kentucky to produce many famous horses.
  • Dome—a broad rounded mountaintop
  • The Tennessee Valley Authority regulates the Tennessee River and its tributaries in seven states.
  • “New” Evangelicals argued the need to build bridges to the mainline denominations.
  • The name Charismatic first applied to people in mainline denominations who sought to speak in tongues and to experience the other spiritual gifts, or charisma.

The Lower South

  • The Deep South refers to the southernmost states along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
  • Of the thirteen original colonies, South Carolina and Georgia were located the farthest south.
  • Georgia is best known, however, for the efforts of Martin Luther King Jr., a black preacher whose name became synonymous with civil rights in the 1960s.
  • The Lower South: The Gulf States
  • Alabama and Mississippi contain part of the Gulf Coastal Plain.
  • Florida, unlike the other states of the Deep South, was once a Spanish colony ceded to the United States in 1819.
  • The most well-known marshland is in the 1.5-million-acre Everglades, with exotic animals

The South Central States

  • “Black gold”—oil—is the most important product from the South Central states.
  • The slow-moving streams that meander across Louisiana’s low coastal swamps are called bayous.
  • New Orleans was founded in 1718 by citizens of France long before the rural Cajuns settled in the bayous.
  • Mardi Gras, celebrated before the fasting of Lent, brings the city alive with parades and festivities.
  • The Ozark Plateau covers the northwestern half of Arkansas. This region of low mountains provides the largest share of the nation’s chickens.
  • Oklahoma has over 250,000 Indians, more than any other state.
  • The Rio Grande means “Great River.” It creates the border between Texas and Mexico.
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